Gaining or Losing Power Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Gaining or Losing Power Paper - Essay ExampleWeiner, a endemic of New York City and former New York City Council member, has been famous for his straight-forward liberal views and his fiery speeches on the floor of the US House of Representatives (BBC News, 2011). Weiner was forced to resign imputable to his scandalous online flirtations. After losing political power, Weiner is planning to return back in politics through his wife, Abedin who has been instrumental by supporting Weiner in amassing funds and act in public events. Weiner make dos that winds are not blowing politically in his favor, as months ago he spoke to Bill and Hillary Clinton, who have not backed each candidate in the mayoral race. As he said, I have given wide berth to my colleagues in public life because I know I have a lot to prove to them (Bacon, 2013). Weiner is the perfect example of how public leaders gain and lose power in public policy environment. Factors such as dialogue, leadership, constituents, and organization played a significant employment in his gaining and losing power. Weiners candidature for the rank of New York mayor was risked through his extra-marital sexting simply the news that he might be playing a habit in Hillary Rodham Clintons 2016 presidential election, if it happens (Bacon, 2013). It only indicates that political power and those who become instrumental for their party leaders in gaining that political power whatever ethical irregularities they commit are ignored by their leaders and the masses after an breakup of time. Weiers wife, Huma Abedin, is sure that future political prospects are going to brighten up for Weiner. It shows that various political ranks like that of Weiner play a significant role as constituents of both losing and gaining power. Weiner (Bacon, 2013) has been forthcoming in accepting his scandalous actions publically for hurting his wifes political career growth for getting distanced for her insider role with Clinton. This kind o f communication is going to help Weiner in the long run, as people start viewing the unethical traits of their leaders from human perspective by not awarding lifelong punishment to them and welcoming them back in the leading political environment. Weiners own political dignity as US Congressman was endangered when it was revealed that he sent underpants photo, compelling him to publically apologize to his family and his voters although he remained adamant on not submitting his resignation over this revelation. His public borrowing through a news conference, telling that he was deeply ashamed of my terrible judgment, could possibly break the ice for his political ambitions if it is revealed that he might be engaged for launching a campaign in favor of Hillary Rodham Clinton in 2016 presidential election or there is a possibility that that such falsified communication from Weiner and his wifes side could bring him and his wife back in the public limelight, giving the expression that his mistakes of the past have been forgotten, letting him to start afresh. It could be a communication tactic as well because until this news is confirmed by Clinton herself, nothing can be said for sure (BBC News, 2011). There has been a history of political figures committing blasphemy but with a fine line differentiating their return back, as in the case of Bill Clinton, the US president who survived in office amidst his affair with Monica Lewinsky. And that fine line creating the difference and letting Clinton not lose power has been Clintons remark, stating I did not have sexual transaction with that woman (BBC News, 2011). Others who had to lose power include Eliot Spitzer, Governor of New York, who has been a regular visitor of prostitutes from the Emperors Club VIP agency and had to resign in swear out 2008 Chris Lee, New York

Review Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 4

Review - Essay ExampleHe goes on to explain that there are possibilities for a unconventional diagnosis that then poses the question what do the parents do with the instruction? Is it ethical for a parent to make the decision for their childs life when a mutation in a gene does not necessarily prove they will contract the disease?David Devore was a participant in the Woodrow Wilson Biology engraft where he conducted much research on the topic in this article. He has extensive knowledge in transmittables and has provided a lot of detailed information from many other sources. Devore believes genetic screening for diseases such as Lesch-Nyhan syndrome which causes mental retardation after the first few days of life is necessary and proficient to both the parents and the offspring but that screening for diseases like alcoholism or Alzheimers is not beneficial and may be detrimental to the childs life. Even though a child may possess the gene responsible for the disease does not mean they will contract it. Therefore Devore believes genetic counseling should also be available after the results are received. I chose this source because it not only describes the techniques of genetic screening but also the positives and negatives of screening for different diseases and the consequences of both choices. It provides rich information on my argument as to whether it is ethical to conduct these tests and the consequences of the parents decisions based on that information. I found this source on the internet in another institution publication. The only thing missing are first-hand accounts from individuals.The article Genetic Screening, the Social Impact of Genetic Knowledge by Boris Sagredo describes the process of genetic screening and the use of assays to compare individuals in a population to determine a difference in the genes. Although genetic screening evoke predict a possibly contraction of a disorder based on the

Argument Essay Essay Example for Free

Argument Essay EssayAs students we all gather in been challenged to do our best. Throughout our lives we have been labeled with our grades in gamey school, the ones with low grades were left alone in misery, while the ones with higher grades were praised as the leaders of this horse race. Then, the question that comes into mind is is it right to categorize students, does marker sum up to educationa?It is assumed and stated in the philosophy of the current educational system that grading encourages learning and without it students would not study. That is far from being true and also expresses some other flaw of our education system. The system is based on fear the basic motive for students to study is fear of low grades. Furthermore, because the grades are the main criteria for passing courses, students do not study they just develop methods of cheating. Thus, without learning the subject, they keep passing.Since grades received in exams are more important than learning the subject matter, all students have to do to pass their courses is memorize how a specific chore is solved. Without knowing why such a method is used, students cannot apply their ability to solve the problem to daily life. However, they pass exams without learning why, how or what of the matter.Another disadvantage of grading is that grades of a student are not updated. That means the grades of a student for the premiere year of school will still be valid in the last year, whether his knowledge about the subject has improved or deteriorated. Considering all the factors that discover a students exams and marks, even a small incident may have a great impact in the long run. away from these problems, which can be virtually solved by optimizing and improving the grading system, the most important defect of the system cannot be repaired without changing the whole system. The grading system causes inequalities, superior-inferior relations, classifications and even conflicts. It may be m aintained that societies of the modern world are structured on these basic principles, but the fact that something exists does not prune it. Moreover, the people grown up in such an education system will not be able to see the other side of the walls, or will be afraid even to take a glimpse.To sum up, grading students is not a good practice and should be abolished. It is clear that education, oddly education during childhood, has a great effect on ones life. And if you bring the children up in conditions of conflict and competition, they will look for conflicts in the succeeding(a) too.

Why Is Farming Important Essay Example for Free

Why Is Farming Important EssayGood day students of Seminole Central High school. I am Mr. Lester Johnson , the proud owner of the Everland farm regain on Johnson Road right here on the island of Long Island. I firstly became involved in farming when my p arents and grandparents would take me to our farm on most weekends to help out by doing various duties which included collecting the chicken eggs, milking the cows, and feeding all the animals. I eventually came to realize that farming was the perfect reservoir to support myself and my family but over the years it has grown to more than just that. As a farmer I take up been able to not just aid in the accommodation of the key necessities for the residents of the Bahamas but I have in any case subsidized to the deterioration of the five million dollar import shortfall (reported by The Guardian in 2012). I have so for been a farmer for the past twelve years and in this business line owned a commercial farm. Commercial farmin g is farming that provides products for sale and subsistence farming provides enough food for the farmer and his family but not enough for sale (both derived from Dictionary.com). In nine to become a farmer the land in which you plan to grow on must first be acquired, the products that you plan on rearing whether it is livestock or crops, workers and machinery must also be in place.Farming has facilitated the job market of the Bahamas as it is able to hire individuals such as Naturalist, diet Chemist, Food Technician and Irrigation Engineer. As a mean to support farmers with the many expenses the government has provided them with some incentives these include the immunity from customs concern on specific items and the reduction of duty on specific items, the store credit program, low-toned business loans and the exemptions of water recitation charges. An incentive is something that motivates or encourages someone to do something (stated by Oxford Dictionary).One of the chance llor initiatives provided by the government was the exemption and reduction on the Bahamas custom duty for specific items, this was an incentive put in place to let farmers pay fine to no money on imported materials, machinery and requirements needed for quality crops and livestock. An exemption is the process of freeing or state of being free from an obligation or liability imposed on others (Dictionary.com). The exemption of customs duty would assist farmers in numerous ways, customs duty is a payment levied on the import, export, construct or sale goods (Oxford Dictionary). By being concluded from such a charge we farmers volition not merely be able to hire more adept experienced workers such as such(prenominal) needed agronomist but also use money not spent on the expenditure of their farms. We are given incentives on products such as hatching eggs and livestock and cattle which would exert or give other farmers the opportunity to venture into contrasting crops.Farmers do not have to deal with various charges on farm equipment and machinery such as harvesters, materials used for the construction of green houses and feeding systems as the unsusceptibility lowers the toll on imported machinery. This has reinforced the government by causing them not to target so much on import and export bills because farmers corresponding me would be able to have more of the crops that we used than to waste money on importing which allow for result in a lower cost on crops, allowing the money to continuously be pumped back into the thrift. The exemption of customs duty on varied items for local farmers will not only assist in boosting the Bahamian economy but the farming industry as well.The government has then accommodated the initiative of stores on the credit program uniform farm and fish stores, farming input such as seed and fertilizer which concedes farmers to be nonrecreational prior to the crops being produced. They are given a credit of out of a certain lump sum of money for every acre of land that they own. The credit system is a system which allows workers to be paid before their work begins (Dictionary.com).The farmer would use this money to aid the outlying cultivation and development of his farm, as did I quiet some years ago.To be eligible for such a program a farmer must be a resident of the Bahamas and they must fill out an application at the Ministry of Agriculture. This initiative has assisted me as a farmer because the advances given to me can go towards the prosperity of my farm like crops, seeds, machinery and it also assists with the salary of my workers. It may also support other farmers as well as those in the future because it allows them to understand that they will be aided in the effort of marketing their farms.Farmers have endured difficulties in apprehending a start-up capital for their businesses. Small business loans are one of the other initiatives that the government has put in place to optimize the growt h for these small businesses, as farmers are provided with small business loans. A business loan is a bank loan granted for the use of a business (Dictionary.com). These business loans have assisted farmers in a profuse amount of ways which includes start-up capital to help advocate a healthy business start, this in itself will get farmers on the right track. At this point they will be able to start bringing forth crops and livestock for sale, shaping it to be much easier for farmers to pay off their loans.They can then buy materials such as freezer units and make marketing investments where as they can magnify the chances of their products being interchange to local and foreign investors. This initiative has helped me because I was able to make a much needed expansions to my farm which allowed me to hire more laborers therefore contributing to a growing economy. The money for labor can also contributed to by these business loans. Small business loans have been helpful and will con tinue to strengthen our economy and upcoming farmers.The last initiative that I will speak about is the government exempting farmers of a water use charge this simply means that I do not have a water bill to pay on my farm. A charge is the amount of money asked for something that is for sale or operable as a result of payment (Encarta Dictionary). This by itself has assisted me and farmers alike exceptionally because we no longer have to confine the amount of water we use on our crops or give to our animals. This allows farmers to put in place more irrigation systems due to the fact that they would no longer have sparing water bills to manage about and now have a more suitable opportunity to focus more on the farm work.This can also chip in to manage crops as the soil is treated better regard and thus will result in the better the quality of the crops. This can administer jobs because crops will be produced in a shorter time period. I have indubitably benefited from this in numero us ways, one being that I appreciated that most of my laborers no longer have to be limited to one job or duty, but I can place them in different work areas. The exemption has assisted farmers enormously over the years and will pursue to do so in the future to aid aspiring farmers.

Decision to drop atomic bomb Essay Example for Free

Decision to drop atomic bomb EssayThe decision was made from the president that they were going to drop the bomb on Hiroshima and Nagasaki in rarefied 6, 1945. They chose to drop the bomb because if they didnt there would have been more casualties than necessary in the continued conflict in the Asian theater of the war . falling the atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki during World War II, the president at that time, Harry S. Truman, made the right choice. The atomic bomb was definitely a political dispute for the United States and japan. The purget which initiated the ultimate bombing began with Pearl Harbor, December 7, 1941, according to History.com.When the A-bomb was dropped on Hiroshima, instantly Little boy destroyed 90% of the city, even though it exploded at an altitude of 580 meters. Since the city of Hiroshima only had 298 doctors and 270 of them died, this was rough for the citizens in Hiroshima since the people had no medical help. When they were looking for food and clothes and such it was very rare for them to find the materials they need. However in Nagasaki it was easy to get meds from the naval hospitals out there. Well in September in Hiroshima it was very sturdy for the people to heal faster because it was so cold and rainy outside for them to fully recover. According to Cacpeaceday.Before dropping the bombs, Japan was refusing to surrender, their emperor insisted on fighting on. Everyone thought that japan had lost but they didnt know that they refused to surrender and kept fighting. So more and more Americans were dying. The US snarl like if they dont defeat japan soon that they will gain more advantage over Asia or even in japan. Japan ended up shortly surrendering after US dropped two atomic bombs in Hiroshima and Nagasaki, Japan was occupied by allied powers under the American general, MacArthur. abduceAccording to ibiblio.com pg. 24.http//cacpeaceday.wikispaces.com/3.+The+impact+and+short+term+effects+of+the+dropping+of+ the+atomic+bombsU.S. Strategic Bombing Survey The Effects of the Atomic Bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki June 1946

Research Report Critique: Nursing and Midwifery Grants

Research Report Critique c atomic number 18 for and Midwifery GrantsCitation of the articleGledhill, S., Mannix, J., MacDonald, R., Poulton, G. (2010). Nursing and midwifery interrogation presents profiling the unwrap(a)comes.Australian Journal Of Advanced Nursing,28(3), 14-21.IntroductionThis paper was aimed at outlining the contributions that were made in the field of health care oddly to professions of nurse, and midwifery by researchers who were granted financial can in their by The Queensland Nursing Council (QNC) Australia. This research paper is based on the findings obtained from a suss out and focus on research grants awarded in the the time frame between1996 and 2010.1. Substantive and Theoretical Dimensionsrelevance of research problem and significanceThe research problem that has been identified in this research paper is very crucial to the professions of nurse and midwifery. This research report exposes the problem of closing d have of this grant program with effect from July 2010 due to the unfirm of territory and state midwifery and nursing regulations into a regulatory scheme under the authority of interior(a) health profession. More all over the author as well points out at the problems lying around under mount of the nursing research. The problems stated are so of vital importance which the author has support with the studies of other authors and have highlighted the need and importance of nursing funds in encouraging and stabilizing the nursing and midwifery profession in different ways such as leadership support that a successful research development provides and making significant contributions to advance the health care system.congruence between research question and methods apply prone the authors emphasis on the outcomes of Nursing and midwifery research grants, this research is primarily survey-based and takes in responses of different nurses and midwives who have conducted or still conducting researches under such gr ants. Their palm of study have been taken in account and the relation of these studies to the profession of nursing, midwifery and health care.literature reviewGledhill, Mannix, MacDonald and Poulton cite some(prenominal) previous studies as part of their literature review. The literature review that has been incorporated in the research report covers all the dimensions that the author aims to explore, starting from the barriers and obstacles in the nursing research, problems relating to the underfunding, proposed frameworks to make these systems better, sources of the funding to the benefits of nursing grants to the system of health care.2. Methodological Dimensionsresearch designA cross sectional electronic survey consisting of 21 items was conducted relating to the research grant outcomes. 71 former and current research funds receiver from across Australia participated in the survey. Respondents were required to evaluate the effect and advantage of the research grant on nursing and midwifery and the role they play in enhancing knowledge, education, practice, and how this funding support the professional their project. I think that the cross-sectional survey can result in responses that a high ratio of personal bias on the issue. 71 was very low response rate and I think the electronic form of the survey was one reason that limited the participants in this study. I think that a nonher research design should similarly have been used for example content abridgment of the research articles and publications that have been published as a result of the researches conducted with the help of such grants.population and sampleMethodologically, I have concerns regarding sampling of this research report. (91.4%)of the respondents were female, bit the males only comprised of 8.6% of respondents. There were Ninety three per cent (93 %) nurses in the respondents and only 7% of the midwives. There were approximately nine times as many females than males, 91.4% versus 8 .6%. Coincidentally, just about of the respondents were also nurses. I would have favored if the survey had engage a comparatively more equivalent number of participants on the basis of sex and the palm of profession i.e. nurses and midwives. Age groups were classified as 20-29 old age, 30-39 years, 40-49 years, 50-59 years and 60 years and older. 38% of respondents were among the 40-49 year age group followed by 29.6% from the 50-59 year age group, 19.7% were 30-39 years of age group and 12.7% of respondents were from the age group greater than 60 years. Response rate from the age group of 20-29 year was nil. This did not extend the prospects of this study towards four-year-old nurses and midwives or enrolled students or fresh graduates in the nursing, midwifery and health care degrees.collection of dataCollection of data was well carried put considering the survey method that was used. Frequencies were calculated by means of the data analysis function of survey tool. Frequenci es presented an actual count as well as the calculation of the percentage of participants individually, choosing each response category for a particular item of questionnaire. Qualitative data was examined by means of thematic analysis. Every response was independently coded, while identifying the subthemes and the foregather them into major themes. Data was collected in four spheres demographic data, research focus and award category, impact of research grants and qualitative findings.ValidityThe results were quite pursuant(predicate) with the already done research around this topic. The result obtained from the survey showed that majority of respondents centered their research on midwifery and nursing staff. These results are in draw with the literature reporting and support the ideas that most nursing research focuses on profession endogenous, rather than on patient exogenous (Trayner et al 2001). The results also show consistency with an international comparative analysis ca rried out by Polit and Beck (2009). Taken from eight English journals, this analysis examined the 1,072 nursing research studies and their characteristics 2005 and 2006. The researchers used the scales consisting of a variety of settings. This could result bad for the internal validity as the participants might not have focused on completing the scale, rather they tried on completingpaperwork etc.3. Ethical Dimensionsconfidentiality or anonymityThe authors mentioned percentages of the respondents who have obtained different research grants, however, they did not mention that their names were known or not. Moreover, the authors have also not given any confirmation regarding disclosing the forms that they change or keeping them confidential.informed consentThe authors engaged the participants in an electronic survey which was suppose to be filled and answered by them directly. Therefore, I dont think there is a chance of any negligence regarding the consent of the respondents. The pa rticipants engaged in the survey with their own choice knowing what it was aimed for. pic of study subjects/participantsWe do not know that respondents were kept anonymous or not, therefore it is not certain to say that their vulnerability was compromised or not.research ethics board approvalEthical approval was obtained from the Queensland Nursing Council before conducting the research because the research was based on research grant programs administered by Queensland Nursing Council.4. Interpretive Dimensionssermon sectionThe researchers incorporated an extensive discussion section. It is a well buildingd section explaining the survey outcomes in harm of sampling and their link with the results, informing of the new techniques being used and new dimensions being explored, the limitations in the researches and the recommendations for providing more research grants in the nursing and midwifery field. The authors highlighted several explanations for their findings.The authors clar ified the shortcomings that I pointed out earlier (population and sample) in their sampling in the beginning of the discussion section. They make it clear that demographics of respondents represented present demographics among the midwifery and nursing professions. The nursing profession in Australia consists of 90.4% females of which 33.0% are above 50 years of age. Most respondents were working as nurse academics or nurses than midwives and the average age was 43.5. Respondents over the age group of sixty corresponded really well, signifying that old age group researchers make valu sufficient contributions in the knowledge body related to nursing and midwifery. The authors had also taken note of the lack of response amongst the young burses and midwives and suggest that this indicate the need of balancing a career along with personal commitments. The significance of consolidating a clinical career in young and fresh graduates was also highlighted.The frequency of randomized contro lled trials technique and pre-test/post-test method carried out by respondents in this survey indicates the change magnitude trend towards a practice based on evidence in nursing and midwifery. This was unknown prior to this survey so it was a stepping stone in signifying the importance of increased research practices. The authors also pointed out the desire that nursing and midwifery reflect to understand experiences of patients and the health care.The authors proved the validity of the results in the discussion section explained earlier in (Validity). The discussion also point out the shortcomings that exist in the nursing and midwife research i.e. the focus on endogenous aspects such as examining what it is that midwives and nurses are doing, and how they deliver care, which should arguably be focusing on patients. They also pointed out that researched merely focused on main national health concerns which include asthma, cancer control, arthritis/musculoskeletal, cardiovascular, injury prevention, diabetes, obesity and mental health.The authors identified several benefits from funding led research including enhancing the body of knowledge, workplace efficiencies due to better workforce such as cost savings and better decision making attributed to up to date information.conclusion sectionThe conclusion was well built. It adequately highlighted the aim of the research paper i.e. outlining the contributions that were made in the field of health care particularly to professions of nursing, and midwifery by researchers who were granted financial support in their by The Queensland Nursing Council (QNC) Australia.Respondents were capable of revealing the benefits of their research projects in the course of clinical practice changes, policy changes and the development of professional networks that adds significantly to the mass of research based knowledge in nursing and midwifery. Moreover, most participants were also able to publish their research findings and k nowledge in various national and international journals. fleck highlighting the contributions of the nurse and midwifery led research, the conclusion also proposes a positive future of health care nationally and internationally through keep support for researches in nursing and midwifery to maintain the existing capacity of researchers in Australian nursing and midwifery as well as internationally. innuendo sectionI felt that recommendation section was a little vague. The recommendations presented were very general and were not explained specifically. In fact, there were a few implications that were adumbrate in discussion section were more elaborated such as advising to consider a close link between national health priorities and nursing and midwifery research projects to efficiently utilize the available funding and advising professional organizations of nursing and midwifery consider the overall benefits of the research grants to the health care consumers and profession.5. dem onstration and Stylistic Dimensionsany missing informationThe survey did not include information about the effects that these nursing and midwifery had on the career of these researchers. Was it able to boost their career and gave them improved opportunities to work in better positions in health care? I think the survey also missed out on questions relating to the duration of the grants and their research. Information regarding confidentiality, anonymity and vulnerability is also missing. The percentages for response rate for any quantitative item have not been given..clear, grammatically patch up writingThe writing is clear and easy to understand. The authors tone adds continuity in the article. The writing is somewhat grammatically correct and use simple words.well unionizedThe research report is well structured. The information is presented in order. Research focusing questions and major themes for quantitative and qualitative data collection has been presented in tables that ma de the structure of the questionnaire/form easy to understand.enough detail, no jargonJargons and technical terms have been explained for example the terms such as RCT, endogenous and exogenous were explained for the ratifier to understand.LimitationsThe response rate was very low, of only 33%. Due to this low response rate, generalizing the results to nursing and midwifery research was a little difficult and thus a lot of support from existing literature was taken to do so.ConclusionThe research report is well structured and well organized. However, the research questions are not stated in a question form and neither any hypothesis has been proposed as such. However, the research problem has been identified effectively and has been supported with the results obtained from a survey. The results along with literature reporting were sufficient enough to fulfill the purpose of the study. However, a mixed method approach could still have been used such content analysis for a more detai led information on the subject.

British Petroleum (BP) Strategic Change Management

British Petroleum (BP) Strategic motley ManagementBP is most widely associated with its fuel send and forecourt retail operations it also has a wide range of activities. The exploration of oils, gas, extraction, transportation, and the covering and selling of fuels. Bp has developed a low carbon cipher dodge much(prenominal)(prenominal) as wind farms and solar power. BP operates the vehement Bean Caf brand in the UK, Europe, South Africa and Australia. The convenience store brand is also in the US. However, Wild Bean Cafs argon focused on quality food and coffee, having a system of antitheticaliation from competitors offering distressinger quality Refreshments.1.1.1. Comp some(prenominal)s MissionThe company aims to be competitive on the low pricing of its fuels, and this is evident on garage forecourts where drops in oil prices suck up been passed on to their consumers more rapidly than some of its competitors. In each BPs activities they seek to display some unchanging fundamental qualities, integrity, honesty, honest dealing treating anyone with respect and dignity, striving for mutual advantage and contri barelying to gentle progress.The congregation aimsTo charter the best competitive corporate, operating and financial performance.To alter and to be accessible, inclusive and diverse.To engage the creative talents of their employees, and develop and apply ledeing Cost- trenchant engine room and intellectual creative to enhance innovation and new ideas.To carry on its business in an environmentally responsible manner, and develop cleaner zipper and renewable energy sources. The group is committed to the responsible treatment of the planets mental imagerys and to the development of sources of lower- carbon energy.BP expresses that their group value fewer than quartette headingsPerformancePeople and mental abilityHealth, safety and environmentExternal relationshipsGROUP VALUE PERFORMANCECompliance with the law and ethics to comply with all applicable laws and regulations in each jurisdiction in which the group operates. entirely BP employees will be required to comply with the code of conduct, which prohibits illegal, corrupt or unethical practices and exalted standards of decency.Continuous improvement improve continuously in pursuit of the group values by setting targets and through encouragement of our employees.Internal targets to establish realistic and reasonable targets in the group plan. Any Progress a exculpatest targets will be reported intragrouply and analysed transparently and in a timely manner so that progress and variations set up be understood voluntarily.PEOPLE AND CAPABILITYHuman capability and technology to nurture human capability and ensure that the right technology, skills, behaviours and intellectual property are open for the pursuit of the broad goals.1.1.2. ChallengesBP is currently underperforming due toTNK BP in Russia is currently experiencing power struggles between British executives running it and Russian billionaire shareholdersIts safety record has been questionedThe company has experienced an explosion at the Buncefield in 2005 which killed 15workers and the spill in the United States of America which caused pollution.The company has also lost consumer confidence.Financial problemsBp also has been responsible for the spill in the Gulf of Mexico(Online).TASK 1Understand issues relating to strategical transform in an faceThe importance of strategic permute management in any organisation cannot be overemphasised. Change management has increasingly become a necessary business concept among business firms especially in the wake of the recent dynamical global business environment.Strategy is the direction and the scope of an organisation over the long term, which achieves advantage in a changing environment through its phase of resources and competences with the aim of fulfilling billetholder expectations.Strategic mixture over management is a systematic approach to dealing with change, both from the perspective of an organisation and on the individual level including aligning to change, compulsive change, and effective change.CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE GURUSJulia Bologun (2001) describes strategic change asArising from management trends such as culture change, business process swings, empowerment and tote up quality. Other change initiatives are driven by the need for organisations to repo setion themselves in the wake of changing competitive business conditions.Strategic change is context caseicularized in any organisation and the trend it is managed has no simple formula or universally agreed framework that will work in all cases (Bologun, 2001). Organisations have different challenges and issues that affect them and when the change process is deemed necessary to undertake, the roadmap is always different per case study.Different theorists have made attempts by bighearted and emphasised that strategy mustiness be context sensitive. The culture web framework is introduced as a means of addressing the softer issues, which is a critical first step, as barriers to change must be identified. The strategy kaleidoscope will help managers to understand the change context and plan for transition.According to Gray Hampel his refered strategies as Strategic decay the notion that the value of all strategies, no matter how brilliant decays overtime. (Gray Hampel 2000)Abell.D also came up with his own understanding of strategy as Strategic windows and stressed the importance of the timing both enthral and exit of any given strategy (Abell .D 1978).Henry Mintzberg looked at the changing world around him and concluded that in that location are five types of strategies (Henry Mintzberg 1988)Strategy as planStrategy as ployStrategy as patternStrategy as positionStrategy as perspectiveThe entire deuce-ace theorists were talking about the equivalent things to which I do agree with. For an organisation such a s BP to prevail in this ever changing market their strategies have to change and not stick to the same strategy for too long because it wont be as effective as it was, timing is of importance to an organisation, where and planning, of the strategy is vital.AC2.1 Examine the need for strategic change in BPAll organisations are currently undergoing some type of change. Many of the organisation change programmes arising from management fads such as customs change, business process engineering, empowerment and total quality, branding, reputation. For instance BP had the need to change because of its Experience of controversies regarding business practices, environmental damage, and hazards to workers. Other large energy companies have come under fire for releasing bulky amounts of greenhouse gasses into the atmosphere. For some time, BP is trying to turn a new leaf in its bill book toward a more environmentally-friendly future through investments in renewable energy and a support of e thics and compliance initiatives. British Petroleum changed its designation to BP and then tried to rebrand itself as Beyond Petroleum.As an organisation its central to change with time and surroundings. There is need for change because of the foreign and internal developments and internal performers.These factors bring attention to the organisation to formulate and implement strategies to survive in the competitive market. There is need for strategic change because itis also necessary in order to gain competitive advantageenables the organisation to be focusedalso enables adaptabilityBP has been able to enjoy a large market share and gain competitive advantage over its competitors because of intromiting to change with its surroundings and by learning what its customers need and want from them as a company. Change has also enabled Bp to adapt in any environment For example the company has gone green to protect the environment and have become the big campaigners for going green and change has also enabled the organisation to be focused on what is all important(p) to their stakeholders.AC2.2 Assess the factors that are driving the driving the need for strategic changeAccording to Johnson, Scholes, Whittington (2006) the major(ip)(ip) influence of change in organisations is categorised as six factors namely Political, Economic, Social, Technology, Environment, and Legal otherwise known as the PESTEL frameworkP- POLITICAL Government stability, receipts policy, foreign trade regulations and the brotherly welfare policies.E-ECONOMIC Business cycles, GNP trends, interest rates, Money supply, inflation, unemployment, and disposable income.S-SOCIO-CULTURAL Analyzing the population demographics, income mobility, life trend changes, Attitudes to work and leisure, Consumerism, levels of education.T-TECHNOLOGY Has unleashed a process that has been called perennial gale of creative destruction.Technological change can produce established products obsolete overnigh t and simultaneously create host new product possibilities. Thus technical change is both creative and destructive both an opportunity and a threat.E-ENVIRONMENT specifically stands for green issues, such as pollution and waste.L-LEGAL embraces legislative constraints or changes, such as health and safety legislation or restrictions on company mergers and acquisitions.INTERNALThe employment of a new drawing card.Benchmarking exercise against external organisation aged management dissatisfaction with the status equoEmployee -Management conflict.Bp has been affected by the political and the environmental aspect. It had a spill in the USA which had an noise of the politicians. The organisation had to respond to the demands and controversy from the media, consumer and politicians of the area by changing alot of its strategies in place. BP agreed to the demands of the politicians (foreign trade regulations and social welfare policies) to compensate the residents affected by the spillag e. All these problems needed Bp to change its strategies.The world is travel in technology and for it to compete in the ever changing business world, Bp has to be ready to change and adapt to those changes. The organisation has come up with programs that can help its staff to have knowledge of the new and advancing technology For instance they needed to improve on the machinery that they use to drill. Bp has advanced in technology by using sophisticated technologies and tried- and true techniques to be able to find oil and gas.The company also incurred a loss when they lost alot of oil in the spillage which affected their financial situation. The spillage affected their market share by its price dropping in the global market the other factor which affected Bp was the environmental factor. The spillage polluted the water and hence affecting the residents livelihood and it also affected the wildlife. BP had to come up with a strategy to deflect the spillage which resulted to large s ums of money being spent. Bp has changed and responded to change by striving to secure and make sure that it isnt affecting the environment since they are big campaigners of climate change and going green.In the case of BP, management was dissatisfied with the way Tony Hayward Group Chief Executive handled the Mexico oil spillage. Tony Hayward resigned and this called for replacement of new management.A.C2.3 Assess the resource implications of the organisation not responding to changeThere are severe resource implications to an organisation such as BP for not responding to strategic change. The response should be employ at the right time and BPs call to sort out the spillage needed a response at the time had they not responded and acted as efficient as possible their reputation would have been damaged further.If BP as an organisation does not respond to change, this will affect its entire resources adversely.Human resources normally includes theRestructuring Redundancies Intervie wingHiring Training LayoffsPhysical resources mainly affect the non-current assets of an organisation such asEquipmentVehiclesbuildingsreputationFinancial resources have an impact and it may also have a huge one on theCosts of trainingRedundancy costsRelocation costsNew buildingRefurbishments of existing buildingsFor BP to manage the changes effectively, Human vision has to implement strategies that would enhance changeTraining is a vital aspect of human resource and ensuring that its members of staff and employees are well trained. The organisation bought together a project team to develop Andrew oilfield, located in the North Sea. Since discovery about 20 years earlier, attempts had been made to develop the field, plainly each conceptual plan floundered and Andrew had gained a reputation as being too difficult to achieve economic sanction. Bp brought in consultants who coached Bp engineers and contractors in ways of working together and designate out of the box to solve Andrews technical and economic problemsInterviewing is paramount for the succession of Bps organisational aims and objectives. Bp has to have the right employees in place so as to be able to compete with its competitors in the ever changing environmentA.C 3.1 DEVELOPING SYSTEMS TO INVOVLE STAKEHOLDERS IN BPStakeholder is a person, group, or organisation that has direct or indirect stake in an organisation because it can affect or be affected by the organisations actions, objectives and policies.Stakeholders in every organisation play a very important role in day to day running of an organisation. It is vital to develop a system that come tos stakeholders in the planning of change. The systems need to be appropriate, applicable and possible in the organisation chosen.Most importantly concentration must be devoted to the most influential stakeholder. Stakeholders include Government, suppliers, competitors, owners, customers, unions and these can be internal stakeholders or external stakeho lders. Its important for Bp to have knowledge of its business surroundings for them to identify market segments to fulfil customer need. The expectations of BP will certainly be an increase in profit maximisation, growth in market share, capital investment, high product quality and high quality performance.Systems to involve stakeholdersA system is a incorporate collection of parts that are highly incorporated to extend to an overall goal. The system has various inputs, which go through certain processes to generate certain outputs, which collectively, accomplish the overall required goal for the system. So a system usually brings in stakeholders to perform in different aspects to achieve organisational objectives. (Online)Configuration system An organisations conformation consists of the structure, processes and relationships in the course of which the organisation operates. The reason for configuring challenges is vital to organisational success.Functional structure- Once an or ganisation grows beyond a very basic level of size and complexity, it has to boodle dividing responsibilities. This system is based on the primary activities that have to be undertaken by an organisation such as production, finance and accounting, marketing, human resource and research and development. crossing system- This is where previously separate industries begin to overlap in terms of activities, technologies, products and customers. (G. Johnson et al 2008)A.C3.2 Develop a change management strategy with stakeholdersManagement strategy is an understanding to manage stakeholders according to the level of power and level of interest. It is a key concept for business to survive /grow by responding to any environmental changes.A strategy is the direction and scale of an organisation over the long term, which achieves advantage in a changing environment throughout its configuration of resources and competences with the aim of delightful stakeholder expectations.STAKEHOLDER ANAL YSIS (MAPPING)Stakeholder analysis helps an organisation to define whom to try to involve when designing a process of change. It also helps to determine in which way and how to include the stakeholder in the organisation. The process allows the organisation to find out whose information needs should be considered.AKEY PLAYERSInvolve themIncrease effort and level of interestBKEEP INFORMEDEngage and updateInvolveCKEEP SATISFIEDLest importantCommunication and updateDMINIMAL EFFORT infixIncrease level of interestThe stakeholder analysis has two axis and four quadrantsThe x axis represents influenceThe y axis denotes powerThe quadrants areHH high highHL high lowLH and LL low high and low lowHigh power, interested pot these are the people you must fully keep and make the greatest efforts to satisfy.High power, less interested people put enough work in with people to keep them satisfied, but not so much that they become uninterested with the message.Low power, less interested people k eep these people adequately informed, and talk to them to ensure that no major issues are arising. These people can often be very helpful with the detail of your project.Low power, less interested people again, monitor these people, but do not turn them off with undue communicationFor the analysis to be effective the following should be carried outTheir interests, values, and concernsWhat sources of stakeholder powerWhat claims they might make on the organisationWho the most important stakeholders are from the organisations perspectiveMap the relationship between themIdentify the resultant strategic challengesA.C3.3 Evaluate the systems used to involve stakeholders in the planning of changeSix steps need to be taken into consideration so as to involve stakeholders in the planning of changeIndentify who the stakeholders are (government, customers, investors, suppliers)Prioritise Stakeholders will have varying degrees of power, influence and interest in planning. Its important to iden tify, prioritise and understand the impact they will have on the conclusivenesss made.Map their profiles This will show their different responsibility and who will have greater influence on the stakeholders.Develop an engagement strategy one way of engaging with the stakeholder is by using a stakeholder light traffic strategy. Using the traffic light image is a useful way to flag up what strategy is appropriate with the different relationships in place at any given time.Optimise their support to make comfortably of the support they are giving you in the planning of change. This is by ensuring that you keep those stakeholders satisfied.Monitor changes to ensure that any changes are put across to those stakeholders. Its important to give frequent updates.BP stakeholders can be involved through meetings such as the Annual general meetings where all aspects of the company are discussed with members of the BP board and Carl- Henric Syanberg as chairman. The chairman informs other stake holders on the different plans and issues that were discussed by board and what projects they were ready to take as an organisation as an organisation.Change in Bp happens all the time and I think that out of the four systems I have picked the stakeholder analysis because it is effective and it gets involves all stakeholders and Bp is able to operate for the best intentions of its stakeholders.A.C3.4 Create a strategy for managing resistance to changeIn every company in that location are forces involved when a company decides to adopt new strategies. There are tolerant and driving forces. In this case the resistive forces are those that dont want to accept any kind of change brought about in the company and sometimes there those who are in the favour of change. Its important to put in place strategies of how to manage any resistance going on in the organisationINDIVIDUAL electric resistanceIndividually, people may resist, although this is largely limited to the extent of their p ersonal power. For those with lower power, this may include passive refusals and covert action. For those with more power, it can include open challenge and criticism.COLLECTIVE RESISTANCEWhen people find a common voice in organized resistance, and then their words and actions can create a significant threat to the change, tied(p) though they are individually less powerful. An organised resistance is usually a sign of a deep divide. People will not go to the bother of organizing unless they have serious issues with the change.PASSIVE RESISTANCEPassive resistance occurs where people do not take specific actions. At meetings, they will sit quietly and may appear to agree with the change. They may agree and then do nothing to fulfil their commitments.ACTIVE RESISTANCE-Occurs where people are taking specific and deliberate action to resist the change. It may be overt, with such public statements and acts of resistance, and it may be covert, such as mobilizing others to create an underg round resistance movement.1-Participation and link Is a strategy which is used when dealing with key stakeholders of the organisation. Participation and involvement is usually adopted when the key stakeholders are neither keen nor interested in company matters and every time the company tries to adopt change for the benefit of the company they resist that change. Using such a strategy can be very helpful to achieve the objectives and on the other hand it is time consuming for the company.2-Education and communication Is a strategy which is applied when stakeholders are not advised of benefit of the strategy. Its important to educate and communicate with the stakeholders so as to get them to understand the reason for the change. The major advantage of the strategy is that the stakeholders will cooperate productively and positively. Using this strategy can be time consuming and costly too.3-Negotiation and compromise The strategy of negotiation and compromise take place when ther e is a group division. By this strategy a company convince the both groups at working together for the benefit of company. Its also promotes unity which is very good for a company. It is cost effective.The current situation for Bp Company is not good because there is division of groups. This groups are the Russian shareholder and the British shareholder. This means that there can be experiences of groups opposing each others opinions hence bringing about resistance for change. In my opinion if BP as a Company has to sustain their right-down in international market then they should work together and be united as an organization. Stakeholders should be ready compromise for the benefit of the company.TASK2AC 1.1 controvert models of strategic changesThere are umpteen theories about how to accomplish change. Many begin with leadership and change management guru, John Kotter. A professor at Harvard Business School and world-renowned change expert, Kotter introduced eight-step change p rocess.(Lecture Notes)Step One Create UrgencyFor change to happen, it helps if the whole company really wants it. Develop a common sense of urgency around the need for change. This may help you spark the initial motivation to get things moving.This isnt simply a matter of showing people poor sales statistics or talking about increased competition. Open an honest and convincing dialogue about whats happening in the marketplace and with your competition. If many people start talking about the change you propose, the urgency can build and feed on itself.Step Two Form a Powerful unificationConvince people that change is necessary. This often takes strong leadership and visible support from key people at heart your organization. Managing change isnt enough you have to lead it.Step Three Create a Vision for ChangeWhen you first start thinking about change, there will probably be many great ideas and solutions floating around. Link these concepts to an overall vision that people can gr asp easily and rememberStep Four Communicate the VisionWhat you do with your vision after you create it will determine your success. Your message will probably have strong competition from other day-to-day communications within the company, so you need to communicate it frequently and powerfully, and embed it within everything that you do.Step Five Remove ObstaclesIf you follow these steps and reach this point in the change process, youve been talking about your vision and building buy-in from all levels of the organization. Hopefully, your staff wants to get busy and achieve the benefits that youve been promoting.Six Create Short-term WinsNothing motivates more than success. discover your company a taste of victory early in the change process. Within a short time frame (this could be a calendar month or a year, depending on the type of change), youll want to have results that your staff can see. Without this, critics and negative thinkers might hurt your progress.Step seven Build on the ChangeKotter argues that many change projects fail because victory is declared too early. Real change runs deep. Quick wins are only the beginning of what needs to be done to achieve long-term change.Step Eight Anchor the Changes in Corporate Culture the marketFinally, to make any change stick, it should become part of the core of your organization. Your corporate culture often determines what gets done, so the values behind your vision must show in day-to-day work. (Lecture class)Models of Strategic ChangeLewins Change Management Model was developed in the 1950s by a psychologist named Kurt Lewin (Syque, 2007). According to Lewin for change to occur in an organisation he looked at trine stages, which are still widely used today unfreeze, transition, and refreeze.Unfreeze Most people tend to stay within certain comfortable zones and are usually hesitant of change. Employees tend to become comfortable in this unchanging environment and become uncomfortable when any change oc curs, even if it is not a major one. To overcome this frozen state, we must initiate an unfreeze extent, which is done through motivation. Motivation is important in any organisation, even when it is not changing.Transition -This period is when the change is occurring, which is a voyage and not a step. The transition period takes time because employees dislike change. This is when leadership transition period is good for the company as well as the employees.Refreeze At the end of the transitional voyage, comes the next stage refreeze. At this stage its where the company once again becomes stable.BP has encountered several problems but they have been able to change with its challenging and demanding surroundings. BP as a company has changed its strategies for it to survive in this competitive business world. As an organisation there has been need for change and it has improvised strategies, so as to adapt to this ever changing worldAC1.2 Evaluate the relevance of models of strategi c change to BP in the current economyAll organisations are currently undergoing some type of change. Many of the organisation change programmes arising from management fads such as customs change, business process engineering, empowerment and total quality, branding, reputation. For instance BP had the need to change because of its Experience of controversies regarding business practices, environmental damage, and hazards to workers. Other large energy companies have come under fire for releasing huge amounts of greenhouse gasses into the atmosphere. For some time, BP is trying to turn a new leaf in its history book toward a more environmentally-friendly future through investments in renewable energy and a support of ethics and compliance initiatives. British Petroleum changed its name to BP and then tried to rebrand itself as Beyond Petroleum.The different models of strategic change are of relevance in the current economy because the group will be able to compete with other oil com panies such as Shell strategically. These models assist on the sustainability of the group, the growth of the group and the market share by using the different models.AC1.3 Assess the value of using strategic intervention techniques in organisationsContingency TheoryThere are many forms of contingency theory. Contingency theories are a class of behavioural theory that challenge that there is no one best way of organising or leading and that an organisational or leadership style that is efficient in some situations may not be successful in others (Fiedler, 1964). In other words The most favourable organisation or leadership style is dependent upon various internal and external constraints.There are also contingency theories that relate to decision making (Vroom and Yetton, 1973).The effectiveness of a decision process depends upon a number of aspects of the situation such as the importance of the decision quality and acceptance the amount of appropriate information possessed by the l eader and subordinate and the likelihood that subordinates will accept an autocratic decision or assist in trying to make a good decision if allowed to participate the amount of disagreement among subordinates with respect to their favored alternatives.Kurt Lewin and his colleagues did different leadership decision research in 1939 and acknowledged that there were three different styles of leadership, particularly about decision-making.Participative StyleA leader who involves others in decision-making improves the perceptive of the issues involved by those who must carry out the decisions. Individuals are more committed to actions where they have been involved in the relevant decision-making.A leader will find that people are less competitive and more collaborative when they are working on united goals.When people make decisions jointly, the social commitment to one another is greater and that increases their commitment to the decision. Several people deciding collectively make bet ter decisions than one person alone.AutocraticIn this case the leader takes decisions without consulting with others. A leader makes a decision without any form of consultation. In Lewins research he found that he this type of style caused the most level of discontent.An autocratic style works when there is no requirement for any input on the decision, In style it means that the decision would not change as a result of input, and where the driving force of people to carry out subsequent actions would not be affected whether they were or were not involved in the decision-making.Management InterventionThere are always teams in organisations that are there and the possibility of getting different results. No matter how dedicated a team is there will be tim